Of Dice and (Tin) Men: Legio Quaternarius

    My first two years of Medical School saw very little gaming, especially the first year. Not that there is anything surprising about that when you have classes from 8AM to 5PM Monday through Friday, and 8-12 on Saturday as well. During the brief times when I was home on vacation, I still got together with the hometown crew, chiefly for D&D, and later our new Sweet-inspired Ancients rules. Like most medical students, I think, I found these years a bit depressing; you are just about literally force fed a tremendous amount of information that it is absolutely impossible to really master. Is there any physician out there with *good* memories of learning the damned Krebs Cycle and related esoterica?  You can do it, otherwise you wouldn't have been accepted in the first place, but many, including myself, start to wonder if you really made the right choice. I also found that I really didn't care much for about 80% of my medical school class of 80 students; I really can't fully  explain it, but so it was. Indeed, many years later I attended my 25th class reunion, along with my wife. I had an OK time, but commented to her afterwards, knowing that the few people I would have enjoyed seeing wouldn't be there, "OK yeah, now I remember - I didn't really like most of these guys much back then, either! The four of us who had been UConn undergrads all got along well; three of us were Chemistry majors, and one, John,  was also a fellow Marching Band and Band Fraternity (Kappa Kappa Psi) member, and my closest friend in the class; not a gamer at all, though.

    That year also saw two of the biggest snowstorms in Connecticut history, closing down the highways for several days not once but twice (four wheel drive vehicles were rare in those days); the first one actually resulted in our end of term exams being rescheduled. The second storm placed so much snow on the roof of the Hartford Coliseum that it actually collapsed! Fortunately, it was very early in the morning, and no one was inside. My good friend from college, Tom, was then working in Hartford, having gotten a jopb with Price Waterhouse, one of the (then) Big Ten national Accounting firms. He was commuting from an hour away, so he got stuck in the city during the second storm, and stayed overnight with me for a day or two while we waited for the snow to be cleared away. In the course of the visit, we were sitting in my living room, and Tom observed a large plastic baggie containing a non-descript green/yellow/brown mixture. Now, understand that both of us were relatively liberal politically, but personally quite conservative with regard to our own lives and conduct. "Peter, not you too?", he inquired, obviously thinking the bag contained some kind of "funky herbs". I was a bit perplexed at first, and then I realized what he was referring to. I laughed and said something like "Not hardly!", and showed him it was the flocking mixture for my bases! Good thing it wasn't a cop, I suppose, LOL!  Even better that no one tried smoking the Woodlands Scenics flock!

    Anyway, the one good thing was that at the end of the first year, they gave us four weeks off to study for part I of the National Board exam. Now, I knew myself well enough to know that anything that I hadn't learned already that I reviewed more than 2 weeks before the test was pretty much a waste of time. So, I used the first 2 weeks of to paint non stop!  :-)  Most of my first Ancient army, using the new (and still quite excellent castings, even by today's standards) 25mm Minifigs Assyrians, was completed in that time. I was living alone in an apartment in Hartford, and since no one I knew would see more for a month, I decided to also use the time to try growing a moustache. I was pretty sure I wouldn't like it, but I figured what the heck, now's the time if ever. I was right; after 4 weeks, I had a fuzzy looking upper lip that did nothing for me at all, so off it came, bzzzzt, LOL!

   We did have the first summer off after exams, so I returned home and worked for Union Carbide for the summer, doing some quality control work for their clinical chemistry anaylzers. That was interesting, and they guys I worked with in the lab were a lot of fun. It also taught me not to accept those nice neat numbers that labs spit out as carved in stone, a lesson which has served me well more than a few times over the years. I got in a decent amount of gaming with my old crew over the summer, as well as painting my second Ancient army, Carthagenians. again 25mm Minifigs.

   Most of our limited gaming during this time was done using our Sweet and Legion! inspired fast Ancients Rules; we originally played them on a hex gridded table, but they should work fine using a Table with a 3" square grid as well (for 25mm figures, mostly mounted on 60mm frontage stands). The rules are very ,uch of the "Rock, Paper Scissors Type", being ultimaterly inspired by the WRG Ancients  (? 3rd or 4th edition by this time)., which I played a few times but found too fussy for my tastes... plus those reactions tests; way too time consuming for what usually resulted in "Carry on as Ordered".

 This Minifig Sassanid Persian Army was one of the ones I painted during this time.

For those interested, the rules we used follow, which I have named:

Legio Quaternarius

1) Sequence

There are two possible options:

A) A turn consists of both players firing with all eligible units, then player 1 moves all of his units that he desires, then melees are fought. Both players then fire again, player 2 moves all of his units that he desires, then melees are fought. Repeat this sequence next turn. 

B) same as above, except that at the start of each turn, both players roll a D10; the winner chooses whether to move first or second that turn; re-roll ties. 

2) Units

For the purpose of game mechanics, all units except engines are considered to have two stands, each one of which can take 2, 3, or 4 hits. Some units will only have 1 stand physically (Heavy Chariots) due the size of the models, but are still considered to have two stands for the purpose of game mechanics, a stand being lost when the unit has reached 50% casualties. 

Unit Type	Physical Appearance	Hits Taken
Light Infantry (LI)	2 stands of 2 figures each	2 x 2 = 4
Light Medium Infantry (LMI)	2 stands of 3 figures each	2 x 3 = 6
Light Heavy Infantry (LHI)	2 stands of 3 figures each	2 x 3 = 6
Medium Infantry (MI)	2 stands of 4 figures each	2 x 4 = 8
Heavy Infantry (HI)	2 stands of 4 figures each	2 x 4 = 8
Light Chariots (LCh)	2 stands of 1 2-horse chariot each	2 x 2 = 4
Heavy Chariots (HCh)	1 stand of 1 4-horse chariot	2 x 2 = 4
Elephants (El)	2 stands of 1 elephant each	2 x 2 = 4
Engines (Eng)	1 stand of 1 engine w/ 2 crew figures	1 x 2 = 2
Light Cavalry (LC)	2 stands of 2 figures each	2 x 2 = 4
Medium Cavalry (MC)	2 stands of 3 figures each	2 x 3 = 6
Heavy Cavalry (HC)	2 stands of 3 figures each	2 x 3 = 6
Extra Heavy Cavalry (EHC)	2 stands of 3 figures each	2 x 3 = 6
Super Heavy Cavalry (SHC)	2 stands of 3 figures each	2 x 3 = 6

** Camels are mounted and generally treated the same as the corresponding type of cavalry 
(thus LCam, MCam, HCam, EHCam)

3) Movement

All movement is strictly by squares (or hexes). Movement must be in the direction faced, +/- 45 degrees (60 degrees for hexes). Changes of facing cost 1/2 sqare (1 hex) for each 45 dgrees (60 degrees for hexes) turned. Moves along the diagonal for squared grids cost 1.5 squares. Only one friendly unit may occupy a square (hex) at a time, but all freindly units may freely interpenetrate one another without penalty, except retreating elephants. 

LI, LMI, LHI, LC, LCam and LCh may form skirmish order. ( 1 stand to each of two squares (hexes), adajacent if at all possible; this costs two squares (hexes) to form, and also two to recover from back into formed order. Skirmishing stands MUST retreat  a full half move (round up) if attacked by formed troops, or be destroyed. They re also destroyed if attacked despite having already made such a retreat. The retreat my be in any direction away from the attackers; they do not change facing as a result of the retreat. retreating skirmishers may fall back through their own troops without penalty, and may add an extra square (hex) to their retrograde movement if the half move is insufficient to get them clear. If however, this is still inadequate, the stand is destroyed instead. Skirmnishing troops attacked by other skirmish order troops may elect to either make a retreat as above, or to stand and fight. 

MAXIMUM MOVE DISTANCES & DISORGANIZATION DUE TO TERRAIN

Troop Type	Open	River	Woods	Gentle Hill	Steep Hill
SHC	4	2  DD	NA	2  DD	NA
EHC, HC, MC	6	3  D	NA	3  D	NA
LC	8	4	4  D	6	4  D
LCh	7	NA	NA	3  DD	NA
HCh	5	NA	NA	NA	NA
El	4	2  D	NA	2  D	NA
HI, MI	3	2  DD	2  DD	2  D	1  DD
LI, LMI, LHI	4	3 D	4	3	2 D
PHALANX (Pikes)	3	1 DD	NA	1 DD	NA
ENGINE	2	NA	NA	1	NA

All units fall back at 1/2 speed - round up.
Add one square (hex) if entire move made on Roads - 2 if Chariots.

Costs 2 squares (hexes) to form or recover from Skirmish.

4) Fire

Each infantry unit with missile weapons may fire at any target within range along a line of sight within +/_ 45 degrees (60 degrees for hexes) of their front, +/- 90 degrees for skirmishers. Elephants hAVE A 360 degree field of fire. Chariots may fire everywhere exept directly to their rear, =/- 45 degrees (60 deg for hexes). Formed cavalry may fire 45 degrees (60 for hexes) to their right, and 135 degrees (hexes 120 degrees) to their left. Skirmish cavalry may fire 90 degrees to their right and 135 degrees (120 deg for hexes) to their left. 

Units on hills may fire overhead, and be fired at overhead, providing they are otherwise eligible. Any other unit with a friendly unit in the square (hex) directly in front of it may NOT fire. 

Missile Weapons	Range (Squares/Hexes)
Javelins (Horse and Foot)	3
Horse/Camel Archers	7
Elephant/Chariot (Bow)	8
Elephant/Chariot (Javelin)	4
Foot Archers	10
Foot Crosbowmen	12
Horse, Chariot, Elephant Crossbow	8
Slingers	8
Staff Sling	10
Engines	14

To fire, each STAND rolls %tile dice; if the roll is less than or equal to the units modified missile factor, a hit is scored on the target.  Minimum factor is 5% after modifiers.
NOTE: EHC count as a SHC target from front zones, but HC target from flanks and rear!

Misile Weapons	SHC	HC	MC	LC	HI	LHI	MI	LI/LMI	El	Ch	ENG
Javelin Darts Sling Bow	10	20	30	20	20	15	30	20	20	20	10
Crossbow Staff Sling	15	25	25	10	25	10	25	10	15	10	10

-10%
Target in Cover

-5%
Target in Skirmish
Shooting Uphill
Slings, Bows or Crossbows over 1/2 range
Each Degree Shooters Disorganized

+5%
Target is Shieldless*
Elite Unit Firing
General with Firing Unit

* Firers shooting into the rear or shieldless flank of their target count them as Shieldless, even if the target carries shields, but ENG, El, HCh. LCh, and SHC are never considered shieldless.

5) Engine Fire

Engines fire in a completely different fashion.  An actual shooting catapult device is placed anywhere behind the engine stand, and a clay disc is fired. Overhead fire is allowed. A target within 1" of the center of the disc which is also in the engine's field of fire, and in range is hit. If two or more targets are within 1", then the shooter has his choice which takes the hit, unless there are both friendly and enemy units within one inch, in which case one eligible unit from each side, of the opponent's choice, suffers a hit. Each engine gets one shot in each firing phase; any losses inflicted and/or morale checks caused by engine fire are assessed and carried out before any other missile fire.

6) Morale

A unit must check Morale for:

a) each hit suffered due to misile fire, and

B) each melee casualty suffered, but ONLY if it was not already forced to retreat as a result of melee resolution.

Morale checks are made at the end of the phase in which the losses were inflicted (exception: see engine fire above). Morale points and modifiers are given later in these rules. Retreats are made towards the friendly edge of the table as much as possible. Units never retreat of the field (table). Units surrender only if surrounded by enemy troops and required to retreat. 

Morale Checks are made by rolling %tile dice; if the result exceeds the modified Morale Point of the unit, the effect depends upon the degree by which the roll exceeds the modified Morale Point; if several checks are required, only the worst result is applied. Note that a six figure unit which suffers four hits would check for the third and fourth hits counting the modifier for having lost a stand.  Retreated units move normally subsequently, except that if they move in the very next movement phase only, they may not move  into melee contact.

In addition, Elephants and Levy which wish to attack under normal circumstances must make a special morale roll; if they fail, they do not retreat or take hits, but may not move into melee contact on that movement phase. They may till move normally otherwise, and may defend and shoot normally as well.

If Elephants fail any OTHER morale check, , they retreat as usual, but if they interpenetrate any friendly unit(s), they will fight a round of melee against it, with the friendly troops unable to reply. No melee resolution roll is made, BUT the affected unit must still check morale as usual if it suffers any hits. 

Morale Point:	90	85	80	75	70	65	55	50
Unit Types	SHC	EHC	LHI	MC	LMI	LI	ENG	LEVY
	HI	HC		MI		LC
				HCh		LCh
						El

Modifiers to Morale Point  (all are cumulative):

-10%    Each Degree Disorganized

-5%      Each stand lost (figure for EL)           No shields, if applicable        Primary weapon is bow/sling

+5%    Elite Unit                                                     General with Unit                     Uphill/In Cover

+10%   El, HCh, or LCh charging or in Melee

Exceeded mod Morale Point by:	Effect
01   -  10	Fall back 1 move facing enemy
11  -  30	Fall back 1 move, Backs to enemy, lose 1 figure
31+	Fall back 1 move, Backs to enemy,  lose 2 figures

7) Melee

Opposing units are in melee if it is the Melee phase, in adjacent squares (hexes), and  either

A) they are attackers and face into an enemy occupied square (hex), or
B) they are defenders under attack, or
C) they are defenders with an enemy to their 1) Front, 2) Left Front, or 3) Right Front, and they choose to participate in melee. In this case, the defenders melee factors MUST be applied to the enemy unit occupying the lowest numbered position in the preceding list. 

NOTE:  If there are one or more enemy units facing into the attacker's (moving player's) square (hex), the attacker's unit MUST face into one of those squares (hexes). If the units move allowance is insufficient to fulfill this condition, the unit may NOT attack from that hex that phase. 

Units attacked from their flank or rear, but with no units to their front fight their attackers, but do not change their facing. 

Each unit in a melee determines the enemy unit it is fighting as above, and then figures out its modified melee factor against that unit. Note that situations where unit A fights X, and unit B fights Y, while on the other side X fights B and Y fights A will not be rare. 

Each stand involved in the melee then rolls %tile dice; a roll equal to or less than its modified factor is a hit upon the enemy; factors over 100 mean one automatic hit and a % chance of a second hit.  If an enemy unit is eliminated and there are still more stands to roll against it, such defending units MAY elect to roll against the next unit on their priority list.For the purpose of resolving the order of attacks within a melee, units fighting a common opposing unit roll in order of their modified melee factors, highest factor first. 

Melee Factors and Modifiers (Minimum 5%)

Weapon/Target	SHC	HC	MC	LC	HI/LHI	MI/LMI	LI	EL	Ch	ENG
CAVALRY
Lance*	40	60	90	90	40	60	60	20	40	60
Short Spear	20	40	70	90	30	50	80	30	40	80
Javelin	20	30	60	80	20	40	80	30	50	80
Sword (Bow)	10	20	40	50	20	30	70	20	30	70
INFANTRY
Pike*	40	80	120	50	120	150	150	50	80	150
Long Spear	30	60	80	80	60	80	90	30	40	90
Short Spear	20	40	60	70	50	70	100	30	40	100
Pilum/Equiv.	20	30	40	50	40	60	80	20	40	80
Javelin	10	30	40	50	40	60	80	20	40	80
2-Handed	60	80	90	90	80	100	90	30	40	90
Sword (Bow)	10	10	20	20	30	40	60	10	20	60
OTHER
Elephant	30	70	70	70	70	90	30	70	90	30
Lt Chariot	10	20	30	30	20	30	40	10	70	40
Hvy Chariot	30	40	50	50	40	50	60	30	90	60

* Note special rules for Lance.Pike,and EHC.

El and Ch are never considered Shieldless; Pikes and 2-Handed are always considered Shieldless.

-20

Enemy behind Walls

-10

Each degree Disorganized

Enemy is Uophill

Unit is Levy

+10

Attacking Rear or Shieldless Flank (unless unit has no shields)

Elephants and Chariots attacking Infantry

Elite Unit

General is with unit

+20

Opponent is Shieldless


In any case, following simultaneous removal of casualties, the modified factors as actually used are totaled for all surviving stands involved in the melee on each side, and the larger total divided by the smaller to obtain the Victory Quotient (VQ). The VQ is looked up on the table, rounding down, and %tile dice rolled. If the roll is less than the score listed, the side with the higher total wins; if it is greater, the side with the lesser total wins. The results listed on the table are applied, with the hits being distributed as logically as possible. All units which lost one or more hits in the melee, and were not already required to retreat as a result of the melee resolution roll, must then check for morale for each casualty suffered in the melee. Do not forget the penalties for units which were Disorganized as a result of being attacked in flank or rear,, or by terrain, etc. 

“VQ”	VICTORY %	DEVIATION	RESULT
5.0+	100	0	Both stand and take 1 hit
4.0	95	01 - 14	Stand and take 1 hit
3.4	90	15 - 29	Stand and take 2 hits
3.0	85	30 - 39	Stand and take 3 hits
2.6	80	40 - 49	Fall back 1 and take 3 hits
2.2	75	50 - 59	Fall back 1 and take 4 hits#
1.8	70	60 - 69	Fall back 2 and take 5 hits#
1.5	65	70 - 79	Fall back 2 and take 6 hits#
1.2	60	80 or more	Fall back 2 and take 7 nhits#
Edge	55
Even	50		# = face with backs to enemy!

Units which remain in melee after the above may not fire or be fired upon  Units is such a carried over melee may, on their own move, remain stationery and change facing, or they may retreat from the melee. Units retreating from a continuing melee may not make an attack on the same move. The value of lance and Pike in the second and subsequent rounds of a continuing melee drop to short spear and long spear respectively. EHC in the second and subsequent rounds of a continuing melee, and/or when attacked from the flank or rear count as HC; in all other circumstances they count as SHC. 

8) Disorder

A) Any cavalry or chariots within 4 squares (hexes) of an elephant or camelry unit, or within 1 square (hex) if such units are found on their own side, are first degree Disorganized. 

B) A cavalry or infantry unit is first degree disorganized if it fought elephants or chariots on the previous move. 

C) most units contacted in Flank or Rear are second degree Disorganized, except Phalanx (pike) units, which are fourth degree Disorganized. Chariots are only Disorganized by attacks from their rear, and Elephants are never Disorganized by attacks from any direction. 

D) terrain can also Disorganize units passing through, standing in, or attacking into it. Defending units are never Disorganized by terrain their opponents are occupying. 

Degrees of Disorganization are cumulative up to a maximum of four, but is/are removed when the cause(s) of the Disorganization no longer apply. 

9) Generals

Generals move like Heavy cavalry, except that they have unlimited free changes of facing. Generals improve the Morale, Firing, and Melee capability of units they are with. A general must check for each melee or missile fire (but not morale inflicted) hit suffered by the unit that he is accompanying  a roll of 96 or more kills him. The General must also check if he is within 1" of a catapult shell but is either alone or the unit that he is attached tio does not suffer a hit from the shell. If the unit the General is accompanying must retreat, the General must retreat with it. 

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Legio Quaternius  - Battle Set Up

Use a 4 by 6 foot table for standard battles with 25mm figures, and 3' squares/hexes. Divide the table into four 2 x 3 foot sections. Roll for each section on the following table; use the Open terrain column for clear terrain for battles generated from campaigns, and for set piece battles. Use the Non-Clear column for other terrain types. The number ios the number of Terrain prices to be used in that section:

D10 Roll	Open Terrain	Non Clear Terrain
1	1	2
2	1	3
3	2	3
4	2	3
5	2	4
6	3	4
7	3	4
8	3	5
9	4	5
0	4	6

Once the number of pieces for eac section of the table has been determined, roll on the table below to determine their nature, and place them randomly within the 2 x 3 foot sector.  A piece of terrain is 2 adjacent squares (hexes) of woods, marsh, hills, works, or houses, 3 squares (hexes) of sand or lake, or roughly 3 feet of road or stream.

D10	Open	Hills/Mtns	Desert	Marsh	Town	Woods
1	road	road	road	road	road	road
2	house	house	house	stream	road	house
3	stream	stream	sand	stream	house	stream
4	swamp	woods	sand	lake	house	lake
5	woods	woods	oasis	lake	house	woods
6	woods	hill	sand	marsh	works	woods
7	woods	hill	sand	marsh	works	woods
8	hill	hill	sand	marsh	stream	woods
9	hill	steep hill	sand	marsh	woods	woods
0	hill	steep hill	hill	woods	hill	hill

Marsh and Sand are treated as Woods for game purposes, except they never give any sort of cover or protection in melee; Camel mounted troops treat sand as Open terrain. Roads will generally connect to table edges and/or houses; wherever a roasd crosses a stream, a bridge is placed.

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Points cost for Troops

TYPE	POINTS	TYPE	POINTS	TYPE	POINTS
SHC	21	General	25	MI- SS	7.5
EHC	18	HI- Pike/2H	15	MI- Bow	5
HC	15	HI	14	LMI- 2H	7.5
HC-Bow	10	HI- SS	13	LMI	7
MC	10	HI - B/sling	7	LMI- SS	6.5
LC	9	LHI	12	LMI- B/sling	4
LC-Bow	7	LHI- 2H	13	LI- 2H	4.5
H Chariot	15	LHI-SS	11	LI	4
L Chariot	12	LHI- B/sling	7	LI- B/sling	2.5
Elephant	16	MI - Pike/2H	8.5	LEVY - SS	4
Engine	12.5	MI	8	LEVY - Bow	3

Elite units:  +3 for base value 18+, +2 for BV 10-17.5, +1 for BV less than 10
Extra Weapon: +2 for BV of 15 or mkre, +1 if BV less than 15
Reduction for troops w/o Shields:
NONE for Bows and Crossbows (ADD +1 for BV 10+, 0.5 for others if they carry shields)
For 2H or Pikes - -1 for BV 10+, - 0.5 for BV 4 to 9.5
For Others: -2 for BV 10+, -1 for BV 4 to 9.5, - 0.5 for BV less than 4

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Standard Army Lists for Legio Quarternarius

#1 New Kingdom Egypt

QTY	Unit Description	Unit Type	Cost	Subtotal
8	Light Chariots	LCh*B*Elite	14	104
6	Spearmen	MI*SS*Sh	7.5	45
8	Archers	MI*B	5	40
2	Macemen	HI*2H, noSh	15	30
4	Light Archers	LI*B	2.5	10
2	Stone throwers	ENG	12.5	25
1	General	General	25	25
33	TOTALS			279

#2 Later Assyria (circa 750 - 600 BC)

QTY	Unit Description	Unit Type	Cost	Subtotal
1	Quradu (Royal Guard)	HI*SS,Sh*Elite	15	15
5	Heavy Spearmen	HI*SS,Sh	13	65
3	Heavy Archers	LHI*B, Mantlet	7.5	21.5
1	Heavy Slingers	LHI*Sl, no Sh	6	6
1	Pioneers	LHI*2H Mace*no Sh	12	12
3	Light Spearmen	LMI*SS,Sh	6.5	19.5
2	Heavy Cavalry	HC*SS,B,noSh	14	28
1	Light Cavalry	LC*B	7	7
2	Heavy Chariots	HCh*B*Elite	17	34
1	Light Chariots	LCh*B	12	12
2	Light Archers	LI*B	2.5	6
1	Light Slingers	LI*Sl, no Sh	2	2
1	Light Javelinmen	LI*J, Sh	4	4
2	Light Stone throwers	ENG	12.5	25
1	General	General	25	25
27	TOTALS			281

#3 Mauryan India     (350 - 200 BC)

QTY	Unit Description	Unit Type	Cost	Subtotal
3	Indian Elephants	El*B	16	48
2	Heavy Chariots	HCh*B	15	30
2	Light Cavalry	LC*J,Sh	9	18
2	Medium Cavalry	MC*J,Sh	10	20
7	Indian Archers	MI*2H,B, No Sh	9	63
2	Indian Javelinmen	MI*J, 2H, Sh	9.5	19
2	Indian Spearmen	MI*SS,2H,Sh	9.5	19
2	Skirmishers	LI*B,2H, No Sh	5	10
2	Light Bolt Throwers	ENG	12.5	25
1	General	General	25	25
25	TOTALS			277

Special Rules:

All Indian Elephants are+15 on Morale and +10 in Combat

All Indian Infantry is -10 on Morale

Indian Cavalry and Chariots never suffer disorganization due to theb proximity of Elephants

#4  Later Carthage    (300 - 200 BC)

QTY	Unit Description	Unit Type	Cost	Subtotal
2	Liby-Phoenician Cv	HC*J,Sh	15	30
1	Noble Cavalry	HC*SS,Sh*Elite	17	17
1	Gaulish Cavalry	MC*J,Sh	10	10
1	Spanish Med Cav	MC*LS,Sh	10	10
1	Spanish Light Cav	LC*J,Sh	9	9
2	Numidian Light Cv	LC*J,Sh*Elite	10	20
2	African Elephants	El*J	16	32
3	Libyan Infantry	MI*LS,Sh	8	24
1	Sacred Band Inf	HI*LS,Sh*Elitre	16	16
3	Spanish Scutarius	LMI*Pilum,Sh	7	21
3	Gaulish Warriors	LMI*J,Sh	7	21
2	Balearic Slingers	LI*Sl,Sh	2.5	5
4	Spanish/Numidians	LI*J,Sh	4	8
2	Light Bolt Throwers	ENG	12.5	25
1	General	General	25	25
29	TOTALS			281

#5  Macedonian Successor States  (300 - 100 BC)

Core Units - common to all Succesor Armies

QTY	Unit Description	Unit Type	Cost	Subtotal
5	Phalanx	HI*PK,Sh	15	75
2	Hypaspists	LHI*LS,Sh*Elite	14	28
2	Successor Hvy Cav	HC*SS,Sh	15	30
2	Succesor Light Cav	LC*J,Sh	9	18
1	African Elephant	EL*J	16	16
2	Light Bolt Throwers	ENG	12.5	25
1	General	General	25	25
15	TOTALS			217

Antigonad (Macedonian)

1	Thracian Peltasts	LMI*2H,J,Sh	8.5	17
2	Thracian Archers	LI*B	2.5	5
1	Thracian Lances	LI*LS,No Sh	8	8
2	Javelinmen	LI*J,Sh	4	8
2	Slingers	LI*Sl,Sh	2.5	5
1	Staff Slingers	LI*Staff Sling, no Sh	2.5	2.5
1	Scythians	LC*B	7	7
25	TOTALS			277

Ptolemaic (Egyptian)

QTY	Unit Description	Unit Type	Cost	Subtotal
1	Camel Archers	LCam*B	8	8
1	Chariots	LCh*B	12	12
1	add. Successor HC	HC*SS,Sh	15	15
2	Peltasts	LMI*LS,J,Sh	8	16
4	Egyptian Archers	LI*B	2.5	10
24	TOTALS			278

Seleucid (Persian)

QTY	Unit Description	Unit Type	Cost	Subtotal
1	Cataphracts	EHC*LS, no Sh	16	16
1	Camel Archers	LCam*B	8	8
5	Selucid Archers	LI*B	2.5	12.5
3	Peltasts	LMI*LS*J,Sh	8	24
25	TOTALS			277.5

#6 Early Republican Rome  (300 - 100 BC)

QTY	Unit Description	Unit Type	Cost	Subtotal
4	Hastatus#	HI*Pi,Sh	14	56
4	Princeps#	HI*LS,Sh	14	56
2	Triarius	HI*LS,Sh*Elite	16	32
3	Velites	LI*J,Sh	4	12
2	Spanish Scutarius	LMI*PI,Sh	7	14
1	Cretan Archers	LI*B	2.5	2.5
1	Balearic Slingers	LI*Sl,Sh	2.5	2.5
2	Roman Knights	HC*J,Sh	15	30
3	Italian Aux. Cavalry	LC*J,Sh	9	27
2	Light Bolt Throwers	ENG	12.5	35
1	General	General	25	25
25	TOTALS			278

#Alternately, rate Hastatus as MI*Pi,Sh @8 each. Princeps as HI*Pi,Sh (same cost), and add one additional unit each of  Italian Auxiliary cavalry, Spanish Scutarius, and 2 units of Velites,

#7 Palmyra  (200 - 275 AD)

QTY	Unit Description	Unit Type	Cost	Subtotal
6	Cataphracts	SHC*LS	21	126
2	Heavy Camelry	HCam*J,B,Sh	18	36
1	Palmyran Reg LC	LC*J,B,Sh	10	10
1	Palmyran Irreg LC	LC*B	7	7
3	Spearmen	MI*LS,Sh	8	24
6	Palmyran Archers	LI*B	2.5	15
2	Javelinmen	LI*J,Sh	4	8
2	Light Bolt Throwers	ENG	12.5	25
1	General	General	25	25
24	TOTALS			276

#8 Sassanid Persia    (250  -  650 AD)

QTY	Unit Description	Unit Type	Cost	Subtotal
5	Clibinari	EHC*LS,B,Sh	20	100
2	Cataphractori	SHC*LS,Sh*Elite	24	48
2	Sassanid Lt Cav	LC*J,B,Sh	10	20
1	Elephant	EL*B	16	16
2	Archers	LI*B	2.5	5
2	Slingers	LI*Sl,Sh	2.5	5
2	Javelinmen	LI*J,Sh	4	8
6	Levy Sopearmen	MI*SS,Sh*Levy	4	24
2	Light Bolt Throwers	ENG	12.5	25
1	General	General	25	25
25	TOTALS			276

#9 Tagmatic/Basilian Byzantine  (800  - 1100 AD)

QTY	Unit Description	Unit Type	Cost	Subtotal
2	Klibanophori	SHC*LS,Sh*Elite	24	46
2	Kataphractoi	EHC*LS,Sh	18	36
2	Horse Archers	HC*B,Sh	11	22
1	Trapezetoi	LC*LS,B,Sh	10	10
1	Asiatic Merc LC	LC*J,B,Sh	10	10
4	Scutatoi	HI*LS,Sh	14	56
1	Varangian Guard	HI*2H,Sh*Elite	17	17
2	Support Archers	LHI*B	7	14
2	Psiloi Javelinmen	LI*J,Sh	4	8
2	Psiloi Crossbows	LI*CXB	2.5	5
1	Flamethrower	LHI*Flamethrower	2	2
2	Light Bolt Throwers	ENG	`12.5	25
1	General	General	25	25
23	TOTALS			278

Special Rules: Flamethrower unit is a single stand and takes only 2 hits. It has a range of only 2 squares (hexes), but has a fire factor of 80% against ALL targets. Target checks morale with a penalty of -10; -20 if Chariot, Cavalry, Camelry, or Elephant. The Flamethrower has no melee combat factor, and is destroyed if forced into melee. However, any unit attacking a flamethrower must undergo a flame attack (and morale check if it suffers a hit) once it reaches 2 squares (hexes) range, unless it attacks from the flank or rear. The Flamethrower my use skirmish retreats also. Elephants are first degree Disorganized within 2 hexes of a flamethrower.

#10 Teutonic Knights

QTY	Unit Description	Unit Type	Cost	Subtotal
2	Brother Knights	EHC*LS,Sh*Elite	21	42
2	Allied Knights	EHC*LS,Sh	18	36
2	Sergeants	HC*LS,Sh	15	30
2	Axe-Throwers	HI*Pi,Sh	14	28
4	Spearmen	HI*LS,Sh	14	56
4	Crossbowmen	HI*Crossbow,no Sh	7	28
2	Archers	LI*B	2.5	5
2	Light Bolt Throwers	ENG	`12.5	25
1	General	General	25	25
21	TOTALS			275

This list was made at last as much to match my old Minifigs "Alexander Nevsky" range Teutonic Knights army as much as to be historically accurate, so be forewarned!

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Obviously, many other armies and army lists can be adapted for use these rules. We have had a lot of fun playing with these rules and armies over the years. Each list is set up deliberately to have a bit of a flavor unto itself, with that taking precedence over the strictly historical when necessary.

Peter